Libelle of note

The canalis facialis has four segments or parts (Lang J 1992 Klinische Anatomie des Ohres. Springer, Vienna, New York), labyrinthine, tympanic, pyramidal and mastoid.

The space for the geniculum is also known as Fossa geniculata (Lang J 1992 Klinische Anatomie des Ohres. Springer, Vienna, New York).

The chorda tympani passes from the facial canal through the posterior tympanic canaliculus to enter the tympanic cavity, then leaves through the anterior tympanic canaliculus to reach the petrotympanic fissure.

The inferior tympanic canaliculus transmits the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve, whereas the posterior and anterior tympanic canaliculi transmit the chorda tympani.

Since there are other foramina in the mandibula, it has been suggested to use the term Foramen alveolare inferius for the Foramen mandibulae, according to its contents, the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle (Buch 2011 Clin Anat 24:515-517).

Current description of the heart follows an attitudinally appropriate fashion; this has implications for the naming of multiple parts of the heart (Anderson and Loukas 2009. Clin Anat 22:47-51; Farré et al. 2010 Pace 33:597-507).

See note # 14061

See note # 554

The variant cranioorbital foramen and the sphenotemporal foramen may form channels through which branches of the external carotid artery participate in orbital vascularization (Ducasse et al.1985 J Fr Ophthalmol 8:333-339).

See note # 17013